In general, the experts only mengkatergorikan distinguish or play activities without clearly suggests that one type of activity play a higher level of development compared with other types of activities.
a. Jean Piaget
The play activities according to Piaget's stages are as follows:
1) Sensory Motor Games (± 3 / 4 months - ½ years)
Playing taken on the cognitive development of sensory motor period, before 3-4 months that can not be categorized as play activities. This activity is only obtained kelanjutankenikmatan such as meals or replace something. So it is a repetition of previous stuff and called reproductive assimilation.
2) Symbolic Games (± 2-7 years)
Is characteristic of pre-operational period were found at age 2-7 years was marked by playing an imaginary and pretend play. At this time more children asking and answering questions, try different things related to the concept of number, space, quantity, and so on. Often children just asking, not too concerned with the answers given and although the child will be asked have been answered steadily. Children are already using a variety of symbols or representations of other objects. For example a broom as a piggyback, scraps of paper as money, and others. Symbolic play also serves to assimilate and consolidate children's emotional experiences. Every thing is memorable for the kids will be back in play activities.
3) Social Games that Have Rules (± 8-11 years)
At the age of 8-11 years more children involved in games with rules where more children's activities are controlled by the rules of the game.
4) The game that has rules and Sports (11 years and above)
Other play activities that have the rule is to exercise. Activities are fun and enjoyed playing the kids even though the rules are much more strict and rigidly enforced than the games that are categorized as games such as cards or baseball. Children love to do it repeatedly and encouraged to achieve the best possible performance.
If viewed Piaget's developmental stages play it can be concluded that the play that had been done to keenangan gradually has the objective to the results of such tertantu want to win, get good work.
b. Hurlock
The developmental stages of play mrnurut Hurlock is as follows:
1) Stages of Exploration (Exploratory stage)
The form of objects or activities of others, trying to reach or grab objects around it and studied it. Exploration of the more extensive when the child was able to crawl and walk so that children will observe every object he achieved.
2) Stages of Toys (Toy stage)
This stage is reached puncknya at age 5-6 years. Children between 2-3 years usually only watch the game tool. Usually occurs in pre-school age, children in kindergarten usually play with dolls and engage her or play like a playmate.
3) Stage Play (Stage Play)
Usually coincided with the start into elementary school. During this type of game boy grew more and play with games that gradually developed into games, sports and other games forms performed by adults.
4) Phase Daydream (Daydream stage)
This stage begins when the child approaches puberty, when children began to play less interested in the activities which they had liked and began to spend time to daydream and fantasize. Usually fantasy about unfair treatment from others or to feel less understood by others.
From the above it can be understood, play is an activity performed by children with spontaneous, and feeling happy, having no extrinsic goals, involving the active participation of children, has a systematic relationship with things outside the play (such as the development of creativity), and is interaction between children and their environment, as well as allowing the child to adapt to the environment. The period of play in children have stages in conformity with the development of children, whether cognitive, affective, and psychomotor and in line also with the child's age.
a. Jean Piaget
The play activities according to Piaget's stages are as follows:
1) Sensory Motor Games (± 3 / 4 months - ½ years)
Playing taken on the cognitive development of sensory motor period, before 3-4 months that can not be categorized as play activities. This activity is only obtained kelanjutankenikmatan such as meals or replace something. So it is a repetition of previous stuff and called reproductive assimilation.
2) Symbolic Games (± 2-7 years)
Is characteristic of pre-operational period were found at age 2-7 years was marked by playing an imaginary and pretend play. At this time more children asking and answering questions, try different things related to the concept of number, space, quantity, and so on. Often children just asking, not too concerned with the answers given and although the child will be asked have been answered steadily. Children are already using a variety of symbols or representations of other objects. For example a broom as a piggyback, scraps of paper as money, and others. Symbolic play also serves to assimilate and consolidate children's emotional experiences. Every thing is memorable for the kids will be back in play activities.
3) Social Games that Have Rules (± 8-11 years)
At the age of 8-11 years more children involved in games with rules where more children's activities are controlled by the rules of the game.
4) The game that has rules and Sports (11 years and above)
Other play activities that have the rule is to exercise. Activities are fun and enjoyed playing the kids even though the rules are much more strict and rigidly enforced than the games that are categorized as games such as cards or baseball. Children love to do it repeatedly and encouraged to achieve the best possible performance.
If viewed Piaget's developmental stages play it can be concluded that the play that had been done to keenangan gradually has the objective to the results of such tertantu want to win, get good work.
b. Hurlock
The developmental stages of play mrnurut Hurlock is as follows:
1) Stages of Exploration (Exploratory stage)
The form of objects or activities of others, trying to reach or grab objects around it and studied it. Exploration of the more extensive when the child was able to crawl and walk so that children will observe every object he achieved.
2) Stages of Toys (Toy stage)
This stage is reached puncknya at age 5-6 years. Children between 2-3 years usually only watch the game tool. Usually occurs in pre-school age, children in kindergarten usually play with dolls and engage her or play like a playmate.
3) Stage Play (Stage Play)
Usually coincided with the start into elementary school. During this type of game boy grew more and play with games that gradually developed into games, sports and other games forms performed by adults.
4) Phase Daydream (Daydream stage)
This stage begins when the child approaches puberty, when children began to play less interested in the activities which they had liked and began to spend time to daydream and fantasize. Usually fantasy about unfair treatment from others or to feel less understood by others.
From the above it can be understood, play is an activity performed by children with spontaneous, and feeling happy, having no extrinsic goals, involving the active participation of children, has a systematic relationship with things outside the play (such as the development of creativity), and is interaction between children and their environment, as well as allowing the child to adapt to the environment. The period of play in children have stages in conformity with the development of children, whether cognitive, affective, and psychomotor and in line also with the child's age.
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